


While Power line carrier communication (PLCC) is useful in non-critical applications, the purpose of this article is to explain real-time challenges posed by PLCC in critical applications where human safety is a priority.
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It is projected that 100 billion new “uniquely identifiable objects” will be connected to the Internet by 2020 (source IEEE Computing). That’s only 8 years from the time of this writing for what is being called the Internet of Things to massively overtake the Internet as we know it today.
Whether...



The IEEE 802.11 working group develops the wireless local area network (WLAN) specifications behind the Wi-Fi technology. First, IEEE 802 created 11a/b/g to enable wireless
communications for everyone. Since then, the IEEE 802.11 MAC and PHY layers have continuously been enhanced to improve user experience, increase...
Published: Apr 22, 2022



Lattice Semiconductor has introduced two low cost FPGA families with SERDES, the LatticeECP2M, introduced in 2007, and the most recent family, the LatticeECP3. The ECP2M and ECP3 FPGAs provide designers with the best of both worlds: a high performance, low-cost FPGA fabric with built-in high performance SERDES.
These...



The reed switch magnetic contact serves as the first line of defense in the vast majority of all security systems. Its sole function is to detect unauthorised access through doors and windows. Despite its widespread acceptance, a vulnerability in the way a reed switch magnetic contacts operates may allow an intruder to...



When it comes to Computer-on-Module (COM) solutions for embedded computing applications, selecting the right form factor and processor for the application can be a challenging task for design engineers.
COM solutions provide a cost-effective computer building block: a COM is a development board featuring a computer...
Published: Jul 06, 2021



Most organizations do not consider production test a top priority, but it is a necessity to prevent major quality issues in the products that represent the company brand in the hands of customers.The costs, however, can be significant and are often greatly misunderstood, especially when there’s no...
Published: Apr 01, 2021



Temperature Compensated Crystal Oscillators (TCXOs) are widely used in today’s wireless communications systems. They have become a vital component to cell phones and the growing wireless PDA industry. High-end TCXOs are also an important component in telecom and other industries.
The major difference between...



This article describes best practices for new designs of PROFIBUS DP nodes, and covers bus node isolation, PROFIBUS compliance, and bus signal polarity. It includes a review of a new family of PROFIBUS International recognized isolated transceivers, whose isolation technology is based on Giant Magneto Resistance (GMR)....



Wireless medical devices are becoming increasingly more prevalent for remotely monitoring and logging vital signs to assist in the detection and treatment of diseases and medical anomalies. Wireless body sensors upload vitals via an internet hub or personal server such as the patient’s smart phone.
To continuously...



Pushing the limits of 5G
5G New Radio (5G NR) network rollouts are in full swing globally, with standardization advancing and the evolution of the global standard to address new market verticals such as automotive and industrial internet of things (IIoT) progressing.
However, the initial network deployments do...
Published: Mar 11, 2022



Radar, satellite communications and 5G NR use AAS with phased array antennas for beamforming. Hybrid beamforming combines the flexibility of digital beamforming with the efficiency of analog beamforming.
Increasing integration enables compact and cost-efficient AAS. To achieve accurate, reliable and efficient beamforming,...



Continuing advances in robotics have made them clearly one of the most important pieces of the manufacturing tool box. Giving robots eyes can make them much more productive and they can perform more complex tasks. This paper will discuss how robot vision can make robot assembly smarter, faster, and more reliable-- and...



Today, R&D engineers face challenging time-to-market goals. Extending the product development schedule and delaying the product launch can prove to be extremely costly in terms of opportunity cost and lost market share. Nearly 50 % of products fail EMC compliance the first time.
Every day spent on debugging, isolating...